Methods and Procedures: PIRLS 2021 Technical Report
von Davier, Matthias Mullis, Ina V.S. Fishbein, Bethany Foy, Pierre
Boston College (2023)
The technical report documents the methods and procedures used to develop, implement, and report the results of PIRLS 2021. PIRLS 2021 incorporated two major advances in international reading assessment at the fourth grade, including transitioning from paper to digital assessment and implementing a group adaptive assessment design.