Enhancing Questionnaire Relevance in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

A Comparative Analysis of Regional Assessment Frameworks and IEA Instruments in Primary Education
Neuschmidt, Oliver Beyer, Clara Wilsher Howie, Sarah J.
(2026)
This IEA Research and Development project addresses a key challenge for international large-scale assessments (ILSAs): ensuring that context questionnaires remain internationally comparable while adequately reflecting the realities of low- and lowermiddle-income countries (LMICs).