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SMART: Survey Mode and Response Trends in TIMSS and PIRLS Context Questionnaires

Liaw, Yuan-ling Kennedy, Alec I. Kristensen, Rune M. Strietholt, Rolf Kjeldsen, Christian Christrup
(2026)
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https://doi.org/10.35542/osf.io/bhz7u_v1
This study investigates the implications of transitioning from paper-based to online survey administration on response rates in international large-scale surveys, focusing on home, teacher, and school questionnaires administered in the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) and Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS).